Dasar Procurement

The purchasing process":

• Importance of Purchasing: Purchasing is crucial for a company's success due to its significant impact on costs and its role in building relationships with suppliers.

• Role of the Purchasing Department: The department selects suppliers, negotiates contract terms, and manages supplier performance, directly influencing costs and efficiency.

• Critical Elements for Success: A successful purchasing organization needs highly qualified employees, a formal structure, an effective IT system, and a robust supplier performance management system.

These points highlight the strategic importance of purchasing in modern businesses.

"Purchase orders":

• Purpose of Purchase Orders: They formalize agreements between buyers and suppliers, detailing terms like price, quantity, and delivery dates to avoid misunderstandings.

• Role in Business Transactions: Purchase orders drive the buyer-supplier relationship and coordinate efforts across various departments like accounting, shipping, and receiving.

• Types of Purchases: They cover a wide range of goods and services, from raw materials to capital equipment and services, often involving specialized purchasing agents for high-value items.

• Automation Trend: Modern purchasing departments increasingly use electronic data exchange, online ordering, and cloud-based systems to streamline the purchase order process.

These points highlight the comprehensive role and importance of purchase orders in managing business transactions efficiently.

"Purchasing policies":

• Policies as Guidelines: Just like you have personal rules and routines, businesses have formal policies that guide their operations. These policies ensure everyone knows what to do and how to do it.

• Ethical Conduct: One of the most important aspects of purchasing policies is ethical behavior. This means avoiding practices like reciprocity, where a supplier is rewarded with a contract only if they do something in return. Companies have codes of conduct to prevent such unethical behavior.

• Supplier Codes of Conduct: Companies also set rules for their suppliers. If a supplier wants to do business with the company, they must follow these rules, which often include environmental standards and legal compliance.

• Global Considerations: If your company sources materials globally, purchasing policies ensure compliance with international laws and regulations, not just local ones.

• Business Relationships: Policies define how the company interacts with suppliers, including how and when payments are made, how contracts are awarded, and how suppliers are evaluated.

• Reviewing Policies: It's important to regularly review and align the purchasing policies and supplier codes of conduct to ensure they are effective and up-to-date.

These points help ensure that purchasing activities are conducted fairly, ethically, and efficiently.

"The purchasing organization" into simpler terms:

• Being Organized: Just like you need to be organized to reach your goals, the purchasing department needs to be organized to align with the company's overall strategy.

• Types of Structures:

  • Centralized Purchasing: All purchasing decisions are made at the corporate level. Think of it like a central team buying everything for the entire company.

  • Decentralized Purchasing: Each division or office makes its own purchasing decisions. It's like each department buying what they need independently.

  • Hybrid Approach: Most companies use a mix of both. For example, big items are bought centrally for discounts, while everyday items are bought locally for convenience.

• Job Types in Purchasing:

  • Strategic Sourcing: These teams handle important, long-term purchases and relationships with key suppliers. They focus on big-picture strategies.

  • Operational Purchasing: These teams handle day-to-day purchases and solve immediate problems. They focus on routine needs.

• Adapting to Change: The structure of the purchasing organization can change based on market conditions, customer needs, and company strategies. It's important to be flexible and adapt as needed.

By understanding these points, you'll see how the purchasing organization is structured to support the company's goals efficiently.

"Supplier evaluation and selection":

• Recognize the Need: Just like when you realize you need to buy something, the company identifies a need for a product or service.

• Understand Requirements: Think about what you need in terms of cost, quality, and delivery. For example, if you need a new computer, you consider the price, how well it works, and how quickly you need it.

• Determine Strategy: Decide where to buy from. Should you buy locally or globally? From a distributor or directly from the manufacturer?

• Identify Potential Suppliers: Look for suppliers who can meet your needs. If you don't have a preferred supplier, you might need to find new ones.

• Request for Quote (RFQ): Send out a request to potential suppliers asking for their price and terms. This is like asking different stores for their prices and delivery times.

• Evaluate and Select: Assess the suppliers based on their ability to meet your quality standards, delivery schedule, financial stability, and technical ability. Choose the one that best fits your needs.

• Award the Contract: Finally, you select the best supplier and give them the contract.

This process helps ensure you pick the right supplier, which is crucial for the smooth operation of your company.

supplier quality management:

• Quality Focus: Quality means meeting the needs of your customers. For suppliers, this means not only meeting your needs but also the needs of your end customers.

• Importance: A large part of a company's product cost comes from suppliers. If a supplier provides faulty parts, it can lead to defective products.

• Continuous Improvement: Both you and your suppliers should always aim to improve quality. This is part of a culture called Total Quality Management (TQM), where everyone is responsible for quality.

• Your Role: As a buyer, you can help ensure quality by:

  • Choosing suppliers with high-quality standards and certifications.

  • Writing clear specifications and giving reasonable deadlines.

  • Working together with suppliers to solve problems.

Think of it like building a house. If the bricks (suppliers' parts) are of poor quality, the house (final product) won't be strong. So, you need to ensure your brick supplier provides the best bricks and work together to fix any issues.

Developing The Business Core: You

a. SWOT Analysis

• Strengths (Kekuatan):

• Weaknesses (Kelemahan):

• Opportunities (Peluang):

• Threats (Ancaman):

b. 3P untuk entrepreneur

• Pleasure

• Passion

• Purpose

c. Ikigai Framework

d. Personal Development Plan

e. Short-term and long-term goal

f. Archetype

2. Internal Preparation:

a. Business Acumen

b. Personal Finance

c. Risk Management

d. Time Management

3. External Preparation:

a. Capital

b. Partner

c. Mentor

d. Kompetitor

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